Peripheral Artery Disease — Standardized Vascular Rehabilitation Program to Improve Patient Disease and Quality of Life
Citation(s)
Conijn AP, Jens S, Terwee CB, Breek JC, Koelemay MJ Assessing the quality of available patient reported outcome measures for intermittent claudication: a systematic review using the COSMIN checklist. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2015 Mar;49(3):316-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.12.002. Epub 2015 Jan 22. Review.
Conijn AP, Jonkers W, Rouwet EV, Vahl AC, Reekers JA, Koelemay MJ Introducing the Concept of the Minimally Important Difference to Determine a Clinically Relevant Change on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Patients with Intermittent Claudication. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2015 Oct;38(5):1112-8. doi: 10.1007/s00270-015-1060-0. Epub 2015 Mar 14.
Conijn AP, Loukachov VV, Bipat S, Koelemay MJ Test-retest Reliability and Measurement Error Are Excellent for the Dutch Version of the VascuQol Questionnaire in Patients with Intermittent Claudication. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2015 Oct;50(4):502-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.07.007. Epub 2015 Aug 8.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
