Periodontitis — Intraoral Ultrasound Imaging of Tooth-periodontium Complex
Citation(s)
Nguyen KC, Le LH, Kaipatur NR, Major PW Imaging the Cemento-Enamel Junction Using a 20-MHz Ultrasonic Transducer. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2016 Jan;42(1):333-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.09.012. Epub 2015 Nov 3.
Nguyen KT, Le LH, Kaipatur NR, Zheng R, Lou EH, Major PW High-Resolution Ultrasonic Imaging of Dento-Periodontal Tissues Using a Multi-Element Phased Array System. Ann Biomed Eng. 2016 Oct;44(10):2874-2886. doi: 10.1007/s10439-016-1634-2. Epub 2016 May 9.
Nguyen KT, Pacheco-Pereira C, Kaipatur NR, Cheung J, Major PW, Le LH Comparison of ultrasound imaging and cone-beam computed tomography for examination of the alveolar bone level: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2018 Oct 3;13(10):e0200596. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200596. eCollection 2018.
Ultrasound Imaging of Tooth-periodontium Complex Using an Innovative Intraoral Transducer
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
