Perforated Peptic Ulcer — Falciformopexy for Treatment Perforated Peptic Ulcer.
Citation(s)
Fry DE, Richardson JD, Flint LM Jr Closure of an acute perforated peptic ulcer with the falciform ligament. Arch Surg. 1978 Oct;113(10):1209-10. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1978.01370220095016.
Son TQ, Hoc TH, Huong TT, Long VD, Tung TT, Quyet NC, Panha L, Van Chi N Outcomes of surgical management of peptic ulcer perforation using the falciform ligament: A cross-sectional study at a single centre in Vietnam. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021 Jun 16;67:102477. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102477. eCollection 2021 Jul.
Sung JJ, Kuipers EJ, El-Serag HB Systematic review: the global incidence and prevalence of peptic ulcer disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 May 1;29(9):938-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.03960.x.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
