NCT02764008 - Clinical Trial References

Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.

Citation(s)

Ak K, Gursoy S, Duger C, Isbir AC, Kaygusuz K, Ozdemir Kol I, Gokce G, Mimaroglu C
Thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative pain management in percutaneous nephrolithotomy patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Med Princ Pract. 2013;22(3):229-33. doi: 10.1159/000345381. Epub 2012 Dec 14.
Kirac M, Tepeler A, Bozkurt OF, Elbir F, Ozluk C, Armagan A, Unsal A, Biri H
The efficacy of bupivacaine infiltration on the nephrostomy tract in tubeless and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a prospective, randomized, multicenter study. Urology. 2013 Sep;82(3):526-31. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.02.083. Epub 2013 Jul 4.

The Comparison of Low Thoracic Paravertebral Block Versus Peritubal Infiltration in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Clinical trial NCT02764008 - References