Butz AM, Gaydos C, Chung SE, Johnson BH, Huettner S, Trent M Care-Seeking Behavior After Notification Among Young Women With Recurrent Sexually Transmitted Infections After Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2016 Oct;55(12):1107-12. doi: 10.1177/0009922816662863. Epub 2016 Aug 8.
Molenaar MC, Singer M, Ouburg S The two-sided role of the vaginal microbiome in Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium pathogenesis. J Reprod Immunol. 2018 Nov;130:11-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.08.006. Epub 2018 Aug 22.
Munoz Buchanan CR, Chung SE, Butz A, Perin J, Gaydos C, Trent M Perceived Social Support, Parental Notification, and Parental Engagement after Pelvic Inflammatory Disease among Urban Adolescent and Young Adults. Pediatr Neonatal Nurs. 2016;4(1):12-16. doi: 10.17140/pnnoj-4-124. Epub 2016 Nov 17.
Tabacco L, Chung SE, Perin J, Huettner S, Butz A, Trent M Relationship Status and Sexual Behaviors in Post-Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Affected Urban Young Women: A Sub-Study of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Int Arch Nurs Health Care. 2018;4(1):088. doi: 10.23937/2469-5823/1510088. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
Trent M, Chung SE, Gaydos C, Frick KD, Anders J, Huettner S, Rothman R, Butz A Recruitment of Minority Adolescents and Young Adults into Randomised Clinical Trials: Testing the Design of the Technology Enhanced Community Health Nursing (TECH-N) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Trial. Eur Med J Reprod Health. 2016 Aug;2(1):41-51.
Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Chen H, Feng Y Characterization of pelvic and cervical microbiotas from patients with pelvic inflammatory disease. J Med Microbiol. 2018 Oct;67(10):1519-1526. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000821. Epub 2018 Aug 16.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.