Pelvic Floor Muscle Weakness — Effect of Verbal Instruction on Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction in Post Stroke Patients
Citation(s)
Ben Ami N, Dar G What is the most effective verbal instruction for correctly contracting the pelvic floor muscles? Neurourol Urodyn. 2018 Nov;37(8):2904-2910. doi: 10.1002/nau.23810. Epub 2018 Aug 28.
Shin DC, Shin SH, Lee MM, Lee KJ, Song CH Pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in female stroke patients: a randomized, controlled and blinded trial. Clin Rehabil. 2016 Mar;30(3):259-67. doi: 10.1177/0269215515578695. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
Tibaek S, Jensen R, Lindskov G, Jensen M Can quality of life be improved by pelvic floor muscle training in women with urinary incontinence after ischemic stroke? A randomised, controlled and blinded study. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2004 Ma
Effect of Verbal Instruction on Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction in Post Stroke Patients
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
