Pelvic Floor Disorders — Perineal Massage in Pregnancy to Reduce the Levator Ani Coactivation
Citation(s)
Beckmann MM, Stock OM Antenatal perineal massage for reducing perineal trauma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Apr 30;(4):CD005123. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005123.pub3.
Brunelli E, Del Prete B, Casadio P, Pilu G, Youssef A The dynamic change of the anteroposterior diameter of the levator hiatus under Valsalva maneuver at term and labor outcome. Neurourol Urodyn. 2020 Nov;39(8):2353-2360. doi: 10.1002/nau.24494. Epub 2020 Aug 31.
Kamel R, Montaguti E, Nicolaides KH, Soliman M, Dodaro MG, Negm S, Pilu G, Momtaz M, Youssef A Contraction of the levator ani muscle during Valsalva maneuver (coactivation) is associated with a longer active second stage of labor in nulliparous women undergoing induction of labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Feb;220(2):189.e1-189.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.10.013. Epub 2018 Oct 12.
Orno AK, Dietz HP Levator co-activation is a significant confounder of pelvic organ descent on Valsalva maneuver. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Sep;30(3):346-50. doi: 10.1002/uog.4082.
Youssef A, Brunelli E, Fiorentini M, Pilu G, El-Balat A The correlation between levator ani co-activation and fetal head regression on maternal pushing at term. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 Dec;35(25):9654-9660. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2050363. Epub 2022 Mar 13.
Youssef A, Montaguti E, Dodaro MG, Kamel R, Rizzo N, Pilu G Levator ani muscle coactivation at term is associated with longer second stage of labor in nulliparous women. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2019 May;53(5):686-692. doi: 10.1002/uog.20159. Epub 2019 Apr 2.
Does Perineal Massage in Pregnancy Reduce the Levator Ani Muscle Co-activation?
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