Peer Review, Research — Community Members as Reviewers of Medical Journal Manuscripts
Citation(s)
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Israel BA, Schulz AJ, Parker EA, Becker AB Review of community-based research: assessing partnership approaches to improve public health. Annu Rev Public Health. 1998;19:173-202. Review.
Minkler M Community-based research partnerships: challenges and opportunities. J Urban Health. 2005 Jun;82(2 Suppl 2):ii3-12. Epub 2005 May 11.
Reich SM, Reich JA Cultural competence in interdisciplinary collaborations: a method for respecting diversity in research partnerships. Am J Community Psychol. 2006 Sep;38(1-2):51-62.
Resnik DB, Kennedy CE Balancing scientific and community interests in community-based participatory research. Account Res. 2010 Jul;17(4):198-210. doi: 10.1080/08989621.2010.493095.
Staley K 'Is it worth doing?' Measuring the impact of patient and public involvement in research. Res Involv Engagem. 2015 Jul 31;1:6. doi: 10.1186/s40900-015-0008-5. eCollection 2015.
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Community Members as Reviewers of Medical Journal Manuscripts
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
