Bingler M, Erickson LA, Reid KJ, Lee B, O'Brien J, Apperson J, Goggin K, Shirali G Interstage Outcomes in Infants With Single Ventricle Heart Disease Comparing Home Monitoring Technology to Three-Ring Binder Documentation: A Randomized Crossover Study. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2018 May;9(3):305-314. doi: 10.1177/2150135118762401.
Erickson LA, Emerson A, Russell CL Parental mobile health adherence to symptom home monitoring for infants with congenital heart disease during the single ventricle interstage period: A concept analysis. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2020 Oct;25(4):e12303. doi: 10.1111/jspn.12303. Epub 2020 Jul 14.
CHAMP App Cardiac Study: Evaluation of Software Functions for Asynchronous Monitoring of Children With Complex Congenital Heart Disease in the Home Setting and Data Repository
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
