PCOS — Transcriptional and Epigenetic Program of PCOS Women
Citation(s)
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Abbott DH, Dumesic DA, Eisner JR, Colman RJ, Kemnitz JW Insights into the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) from studies of prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Feb;9(2):62-7. doi: 10.1016/s1043-2760(98)00019-8.
Ciaraldi TP, Aroda V, Mudaliar S, Chang RJ, Henry RR Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with tissue-specific differences in insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jan;94(1):157-63. doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-1492. Epub 2008 Oct 14.
de Koning L, Merchant AT, Pogue J, Anand SS Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular events: meta-regression analysis of prospective studies. Eur Heart J. 2007 Apr;28(7):850-6. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm026. Epub 2007 Apr 2.
Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Dunaif A Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: an update on mechanisms and implications. Endocr Rev. 2012 Dec;33(6):981-1030. doi: 10.1210/er.2011-1034. Epub 2012 Oct 12.
Divoux A, Karastergiou K, Xie H, Guo W, Perera RJ, Fried SK, Smith SR Identification of a novel lncRNA in gluteal adipose tissue and evidence for its positive effect on preadipocyte differentiation. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014 Aug;22(8):1781-5. doi: 10.1002/oby.20793. Epub 2014 May 23.
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Guo Z, Johnson CM, Jensen MD Regional lipolytic responses to isoproterenol in women. Am J Physiol. 1997 Jul;273(1 Pt 1):E108-12. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.1.E108.
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Jason J Polycystic ovary syndrome in the United States: clinical visit rates, characteristics, and associated health care costs. Arch Intern Med. 2011 Jul 11;171(13):1209-11. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.288. No abstract available.
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Transcriptional and Epigenetic Program of PCOS Women
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.