Patient Fall — Yoga's Effect on Fall Risk Factors in the Rural, Older Adult Population; an Academic/Community Partnership
Citation(s)
Berg K, Wood-Dauphinee S, Williams JI The Balance Scale: reliability assessment with elderly residents and patients with an acute stroke. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1995 Mar;27(1):27-36.
Brown KD, Koziol JA, Lotz M A yoga-based exercise program to reduce the risk of falls in seniors: a pilot and feasibility study. J Altern Complement Med. 2008 Jun;14(5):454-7. doi: 10.1089/acm.2007.0797.
Chiu YP, Fritz SL, Light KE, Velozo CA Use of item response analysis to investigate measurement properties and clinical validity of data for the dynamic gait index. Phys Ther. 2006 Jun;86(6):778-87.
Hausdorff JM, Rios DA, Edelberg HK Gait variability and fall risk in community-living older adults: a 1-year prospective study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001 Aug;82(8):1050-6.
Krishnamurthy M, Telles S Effects of Yoga and an Ayurveda preparation on gait, balance and mobility in older persons. Med Sci Monit. 2007 Dec;13(12):LE19-20.
Powell LE, Myers AM The Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1995 Jan;50A(1):M28-34.
Ross A, Thomas S The health benefits of yoga and exercise: a review of comparison studies. J Altern Complement Med. 2010 Jan;16(1):3-12. doi: 10.1089/acm.2009.0044. Review.
VanSwearingen JM, Paschal KA, Bonino P, Yang JF The modified Gait Abnormality Rating Scale for recognizing the risk of recurrent falls in community-dwelling elderly adults. Phys Ther. 1996 Sep;76(9):994-1002.
Wolfson L, Whipple R, Amerman P, Tobin JN Gait assessment in the elderly: a gait abnormality rating scale and its relation to falls. J Gerontol. 1990 Jan;45(1):M12-9.
Wrisley DM, Kumar NA Functional gait assessment: concurrent, discriminative, and predictive validity in community-dwelling older adults. Phys Ther. 2010 May;90(5):761-73. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20090069.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.