Mattis PJ, Tang CC, Ma Y, Dhawan V, Eidelberg D Network correlates of the cognitive response to levodopa in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2011 Aug 30;77(9):858-65. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822c6224. Epub 2011 Aug 17.
Niethammer M, Eidelberg D Metabolic brain networks in translational neurology: concepts and applications. Ann Neurol. 2012 Nov;72(5):635-47. doi: 10.1002/ana.23631. Epub 2012 Aug 31.
Schindlbeck KA, Eidelberg D Network imaging biomarkers: insights and clinical applications in Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Jul;17(7):629-640. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30169-8.
Schindlbeck, K A. et al., Cognition-related Parkinson's disease pattern with functional MRI - Validation and clinical correlates. 62nd Congress of the German Society for Clinical Neurophysiology and Functional Imaging (DGKN), Berlin, Germany, March 15, 2018
Schindlbeck, K A. et al., Multicenter validation of disease-related Parkinson's disease pattern with resting state fMRI. 21st International Congress of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, June 8, 2018, Vancouver, Canada
Sidransky E, Lopez G The link between the GBA gene and parkinsonism. Lancet Neurol. 2012 Nov;11(11):986-98. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70190-4.
Tang CC, Poston KL, Dhawan V, Eidelberg D Abnormalities in metabolic network activity precede the onset of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci. 2010 Jan 20;30(3):1049-56. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4188-09.2010.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
