Parenting — Effects of Prenatal Preparation Education on First-time Parents
Citation(s)
Dennis CL, Brown HK, Brennenstuhl S The Postpartum Partner Support Scale: Development, psychometric assessment, and predictive validity in a Canadian prospective cohort. Midwifery. 2017 Nov;54:18-24. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2017.07.018. Epub 2017 Jul 29.
Dennis CL The breastfeeding self-efficacy scale: psychometric assessment of the short form. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2003 Nov-Dec;32(6):734-44.
Ho YJ, McGrath JM A Chinese version of Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale: reliability and validity assessment. Int J Nurs Stud. 2011 Apr;48(4):475-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.09.001. Epub 2010 Oct 18.
Hung CH, Stocker J, Hsu HT Comparing Taiwanese women's biopsychosocial features by location of postpartum recovery. Appl Nurs Res. 2014 May;27(2):121-6. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2013.11.010. Epub 2013 Nov 11.
Lai, Y -I. (2009). Under the policy of mother-baby friendly, postpartum women's fatigue, baby-care activities and maternal-infant attachment with different types of delivery (Unpublished master's thesis) [Traditional Chinese]. College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Lee, K -L, Ou, Y.-L., Chen, S.-H., & Weng, L.-J. (2009). The psychometric properties of a short form of the CES-D used in the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging [Traditional Chinese]. Formosa Journal of Mental Health, 22(4), 383-410. doi: 10.30074/cjmh.200912.0002
Müller ME A questionnaire to measure mother-to-infant attachment. J Nurs Meas. 1994 Winter;2(2):129-41.
I-Yuan Yen, Registered Nurse Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
