Bollen TL, Singh VK, Maurer R, Repas K, van Es HW, Banks PA, Mortele KJ A comparative evaluation of radiologic and clinical scoring systems in the early prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012 Apr;107(4):612-9. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2011.438. Epub 2011 Dec 20.
D'Onofrio M, Gallotti A, Martone E, Pozzi Mucelli R Solid appearance of pancreatic serous cystadenoma diagnosed as cystic at ultrasound acoustic radiation force impulse imaging. JOP. 2009 Sep 4;10(5):543-6.
Gallotti A, D'Onofrio M, Pozzi Mucelli R Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) technique in ultrasound with Virtual Touch tissue quantification of the upper abdomen. Radiol Med. 2010 Sep;115(6):889-97. doi: 10.1007/s11547-010-0504-5. Epub 2010 Jan 15. English, Italian.
Goertz RS, Schuderer J, Strobel D, Pfeifer L, Neurath MF, Wildner D Acoustic radiation force impulse shear wave elastography (ARFI) of acute and chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic tumor. Eur J Radiol. 2016 Dec;85(12):2211-2216. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.10.019. Epub 2016 Oct 18.
Göya C, Hamidi C, Hattapoglu S, Çetinçakmak MG, Teke M, Degirmenci MS, Kaya M, Bilici A Use of acoustic radiation force impulse elastography to diagnose acute pancreatitis at hospital admission: comparison with sonography and computed tomography. J Ultrasound Med. 2014 Aug;33(8):1453-60. doi: 10.7863/ultra.33.8.1453. Erratum in: J Ultrasound Med. 2014 Sep;33(9):1696. J Ultrasound Med. 2014 Sep;33(9):1696.
Janisch NH, Gardner TB Advances in Management of Acute Pancreatitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2016 Mar;45(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2015.10.004. Epub 2015 Dec 19. Review.
Janssen J, Schlörer E, Greiner L EUS elastography of the pancreas: feasibility and pattern description of the normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, and focal pancreatic lesions. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007 Jun;65(7):971-8.
Kaya M, Degirmenci S, Göya C, Tuncel ET, Uçmak F, Kaplan MA The importance of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in the diagnosis and clinical course of acute pancreatitis. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2018 May;29(3):342-347. doi: 10.5152/tjg.2018.17338.
Lippi G, Valentino M, Cervellin G Laboratory diagnosis of acute pancreatitis: in search of the Holy Grail. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2012 Jan-Feb;49(1):18-31. doi: 10.3109/10408363.2012.658354. Review.
Xiao AY, Tan ML, Wu LM, Asrani VM, Windsor JA, Yadav D, Petrov MS Global incidence and mortality of pancreatic diseases: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of population-based cohort studies. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Sep;1(1):45-55. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(16)30004-8. Epub 2016 Jun 28. Review.
Yadav D, Lowenfels AB The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Gastroenterology. 2013 Jun;144(6):1252-61. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.068. Review.
Yadav D, Timmons L, Benson JT, Dierkhising RA, Chari ST Incidence, prevalence, and survival of chronic pancreatitis: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Dec;106(12):2192-9. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2011.328. Epub 2011 Sep 27. Erratum in: Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Dec;106(12):2209.
The Validity of Shear Wave Elastography in Diagnosis of Inflammatory and Malignant Pancreatic Diseases
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.