Pancreatic Cancer — Effects of Erector Spina Plan Block and Epidural Analgesia in Whipple Surgery
Citation(s)
Canikli Adiguzel S, Akyurt D, Bahadir Altun H, Tulgar S, Ultan Ozgen G Can Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio, or Systemic Immune Inflammation Index Be an Indicator of Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy? Cureus. 2023 Jan 19;15(1):e33955. doi: 10.7759/cureus.33955. eCollection 2023 Jan.
Chen Q, Ren S, Cui S, Huang J, Wang D, Li B, He Q, Lang R Prognostic and recurrent significance of SII in patients with pancreatic head cancer undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Front Oncol. 2023 May 22;13:1122811. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1122811. eCollection 2023.
Nair A, Saxena P, Borkar N, Rangaiah M, Arora N, Mohanty PK Erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in cardiac surgeries- A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Card Anaesth. 2023 Jul-Sep;26(3):247-259. doi: 10.4103/aca.aca_148_22.
Zhang Y, Chong JH, Harky A Enhanced recovery after cardiac surgery and its impact on outcomes: A systematic review. Perfusion. 2022 Mar;37(2):162-174. doi: 10.1177/0267659121988957. Epub 2021 Jan 19.
Effects of Erector Spina Plan Block and Epidural Analgesia in Whipple Surgery
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
