Pain — Effects of the Application of a Hyper-oxygenated Gel After Oral Surgery
Citation(s)
Amin MM, Laskin DM Prophylactic use of indomethacin for prevention of postsurgical complications after removal of impacted third molars. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1983 May;55(5):448-51. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(83)90227-x.
Bocci V Biological and clinical effects of ozone. Has ozone therapy a future in medicine? Br J Biomed Sci. 1999;56(4):270-9.
Hadad H, Santos AFP, de Jesus LK, Poli PP, Mariano RC, Theodoro LH, Maiorana C, Souza FA Photobiomodulation Therapy Improves Postoperative Pain and Edema in Third Molar Surgeries: A Randomized, Comparative, Double-Blind, and Prospective Clinical Trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Jan;80(1):37.e1-37.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.08.267. Epub 2021 Sep 6.
Kim HS, Noh SU, Han YW, Kim KM, Kang H, Kim HO, Park YM Therapeutic effects of topical application of ozone on acute cutaneous wound healing. J Korean Med Sci. 2009 Jun;24(3):368-74. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2009.24.3.368. Epub 2009 Jun 12.
Montevecchi M, Dorigo A, Cricca M, Checchi L Comparison of the antibacterial activity of an ozonated oil with chlorhexidine digluconate and povidone-iodine. A disk diffusion test. New Microbiol. 2013 Jul;36(3):289-302. Epub 2013 Jun 30.
Osunde OD, Saheeb BD Effect of age, sex and level of surgical difficulty on inflammatory complications after third molar surgery. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2015 Mar;14(1):7-12. doi: 10.1007/s12663-013-0586-4. Epub 2013 Oct 1.
Valacchi G, Fortino V, Bocci V The dual action of ozone on the skin. Br J Dermatol. 2005 Dec;153(6):1096-100. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06939.x.
Effects of the Application of a Hyper-oxygenated Gel After Extraction of Impacted Lower Third Molars: Randomized Controlled Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.