Pain — Pain Phenotyping of Patients With Bone Cancer Pain
Citation(s)
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Donovan-Rodriguez T, Urch CE, Dickenson AH Evidence of a role for descending serotonergic facilitation in a rat model of cancer-induced bone pain. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Jan 30;393(2-3):237-42. Epub 2005 Oct 25.
Falk S, Patel R, Heegaard A, Mercadante S, Dickenson AH Spinal neuronal correlates of tapentadol analgesia in cancer pain: a back-translational approach. Eur J Pain. 2015 Feb;19(2):152-8. doi: 10.1002/ejp.530. Epub 2014 Jun 11.
Hald A, Nedergaard S, Hansen RR, Ding M, Heegaard AM Differential activation of spinal cord glial cells in murine models of neuropathic and cancer pain. Eur J Pain. 2009 Feb;13(2):138-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.03.014. Epub 2008 May 21.
Mercadante S Managing difficult pain conditions in the cancer patient. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2014 Feb;18(2):395. doi: 10.1007/s11916-013-0395-y. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
