Pain — Comparison of Two Methods in Pain Caused by Orogastric Tube Placement in Preterm Newborns
Citation(s)
Akkaya-Gul A, Ozyazicioglu N Effect of pacifier and pacifier with dextrose in reducing pain during orogastric tube insertion in newborns: a randomized controlled trial. J Perinatol. 2024 May;44(5):717-723. doi: 10.1038/s41372-024-01948-w. Epub 2024 Mar 29.
Bueno M Combined non-pharmacological interventions minimise pain during orogastric tube insertion in preterm neonates. Evid Based Nurs. 2020 Aug 12:ebnurs-2020-103267. doi: 10.1136/ebnurs-2020-103267. Online ahead of print. No abstract available.
Calik C, Esenay F The clinical effect of pacifier use on orogastric tube-fed preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2019 Jun;69(6):771-776.
Sener Taplak A, Erdem E A Comparison of Breast Milk and Sucrose in Reducing Neonatal Pain During Eye Exam for Retinopathy of Prematurity. Breastfeed Med. 2017 Jun;12:305-310. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0122. Epub 2017 Apr 17.
Srivastava G, Garg A, Chhavi N, Faridi M Effect of kangaroo mother care on pain during orogastric tube insertion in low-birthweight newborns: An open label, randomised trial. J Paediatr Child Health. 2022 Dec;58(12):2248-2253. doi: 10.1111/jpc.16212. Epub 2022 Sep 21.
The Effect of Breast Milk and Knitted Octopus on the Pain Caused by Orogastric Tube Insertion in Preterm Newborns
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
