Pain — Rate of Canine Retraction and Pain Perception Following Micro-osteoperforation- a Split Mouth Clinical Study
Citation(s)
1 Kundi, I., Alam, M. K., & Shaheed, S. (2020). Micro-osteo perforation effects as an intervention on canine retraction. The Saudi dental journal, 32(1), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.05.009 2. Husain S, Sundari S. Comparison of the effectiveness of piezocision-aided canine retraction augmented with micro-osteoperforation: a randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod. 2023 Oct 16. doi: 10.2319/052323-370.1. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37839802. 12 3. Aboalnaga AA, Aboalnaga AA, Salah Fayed MM, El-Ashmawi NA, Soliman SA. Effect of micro-osteoperforation on the rate of canine retraction: a split- mouth randomized controlled trial. Prog Orthod. 2019 Jun;20(1) 21. doi:10.1186/s40510-019-0274-0. PMID: 31155698; PMCID: PMC6545296. 4. Bolat Gümüs, E., Kinsiz, E. Effects of miniscrew-facilitated micro- osteoperforations on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. J Orofac Orthop 84 (Suppl 2), 104-110 (2023). 5. Martina K., Kumar P., Misra V., Attri S., Yadav A., Sam R., Kumar R.. To evaluate the rate of canine retraction and pain perception following micro- osteoperforation - a split-mouth clinical study. Australasian Orthodontic Journal. 2022;38(2): 388-395
Rate of Canine Retraction and Pain Perception Following Micro-osteoperforation- a Split
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
