Pain — The Effects of the Maternal Voice Combined With Lullaby to Reduce the Heel Puncture Pain in Preterm Infant
Citation(s)
Chirico G, Cabano R, Villa G, Bigogno A, Ardesi M, Dioni E Randomised study showed that recorded maternal voices reduced pain in preterm infants undergoing heel lance procedures in a neonatal intensive care unit. Acta Paediatr. 2017 Oct;106(10):1564-1568. doi: 10.1111/apa.13944. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
Jabraeili M, Sabet T, MustafaGharebaghi M, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Arshadi M The Effect of Recorded Mum's Lullaby and Brahm's Lullaby on Oxygen Saturation in Preterm Infants: a Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial. J Caring Sci. 2016 Mar 1;5(1):85-93. doi: 10.15171/jcs.2016.009. eCollection 2016 Mar.
Polkki T, Korhonen A The effectiveness of music on pain among preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review. JBI Libr Syst Rev. 2012;10(58):4600-4609. doi: 10.11124/jbisrir-2012-428.
Uematsu H, Sobue I Erratum: Effect of music (Brahms lullaby) and non-nutritive sucking on heel lance in preterm infants: A randomized controlled crossover trial. Paediatr Child Health. 2019 Feb;24(1):63. doi: 10.1093/pch/pxy163. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
The Effects of the Maternal Voice Combined With Lullaby to Reduce the Heel Puncture Pain in Preterm Infant
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
