Pain — Breast Milk vs Sucrose in Relieving Procedural Pain in Preterm Neonates During Blood Draw by Automated Heel Lance
Citation(s)
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Sener Taplak A, Erdem E A Comparison of Breast Milk and Sucrose in Reducing Neonatal Pain During Eye Exam for Retinopathy of Prematurity. Breastfeed Med. 2017 Jun;12:305-310. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0122. Epub 2017 Apr 17.
Shah PS, Herbozo C, Aliwalas LL, Shah VS Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Dec 12;12:CD004950. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004950.pub3. Review.
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Breast Milk vs 24 % Sucrose in Procedural Pain Relief in Preterm Infants: Randomized Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
