Pain — Pain in Pediatric Dentistry - a Grounded Theory Study on the Experiences of Dental Professionals and Students
Citation(s)
Berlin H, List T, Ridell K, Klingberg G Dentists' attitudes towards acute pharmacological pain management in children and adolescents. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2018 Mar;28(2):152-160. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12316. Epub 2017 Jul 10.
Charmaz, K Grounded theory. In: Smith, J.A., Harre, R. & van Langenhove, L. (eds.) Rethinking methods in psychology. 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications, 1995; 27-49.
Glaser, B & Strauss, A. The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1967.
Murtomaa H, Milgrom P, Weinstein P, Vuopio T Dentists' perceptions and management of pain experienced by children during treatment: a survey of groups of dentists in the USA and Finland. Int J Paediatr Dent. 1996 Mar;6(1):25-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.1996.tb00204.x.
Rasmussen JK, Frederiksen JA, Hallonsten AL, Poulsen S Danish dentists' knowledge, attitudes and management of procedural dental pain in children: association with demographic characteristics, structural factors, perceived stress during the administration of local analgesia and their tolerance towards pain. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2005 May;15(3):159-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2005.00635.x.
Pain in Pediatric Dentistry - a Grounded Theory Study on the Experiences of Dental
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
