Pain — Patient-controlled Sedation in Port Implantation (PACSPI-1)
Citation(s)
Clements W, Sneddon D, Kavnoudias H, Joseph T, Goh GS, Koukounaras J, Snow T Randomized and controlled study comparing patient controlled and radiologist controlled intra-procedural conscious sedation, using midazolam and fentanyl, for patients undergoing insertion of a central venous line. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2018 Dec;62(6):781-788. doi: 10.1111/1754-9485.12817. Epub 2018 Oct 8.
Grossmann B, Nilsson A, Sjöberg F, Nilsson L Patient-controlled Sedation During Flexible Bronchoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol. 2020 Apr;27(2):77-85. doi: 10.1097/LBR.0000000000000610.
Kreienbühl L, Elia N, Pfeil-Beun E, Walder B, Tramèr MR Patient-Controlled Versus Clinician-Controlled Sedation With Propofol: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis With Trial Sequential Analyses. Anesth Analg. 2018 Oct;127(4):873-880. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003361.
Taxbro K, Berg S, Hammarskjöld F, Hanberger H, Malmvall BE A prospective observational study on 249 subcutaneous central vein access ports in a Swedish county hospital. Acta Oncol. 2013 Jun;52(5):893-901. doi: 10.3109/0284186X.2013.770601. Epub 2013 Feb
Taxbro K, Hammarskjöld F, Thelin B, Lewin F, Hagman H, Hanberger H, Berg S Clinical impact of peripherally inserted central catheters vs implanted port catheters in patients with cancer: an open-label, randomised, two-centre trial. Br J Anaesth. 2019 Jun;122(6):734-741. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.01.038. Epub 2019 Apr 17.
Patient-controlled Sedation in Port Implantation (PACSPI-1)-a Feasibility Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
