Pain — Study of Spirit Pass in Newborn and Patient
Citation(s)
CASTRO M ; MOREIRA A.C. Análise Crítica do Cortisol Salivar na Avaliação do eixo Hipotálamo-Hipófise-Adrenal. Arquivo Brasileiro de Endocrinologia & Metabologia, v. 47, p. 358-367, 2003.
Gomes VM, Silva MJ, Araújo EA [Gradual effects of therapeutic touch in reducing anxiety in university students]. Rev Bras Enferm. 2008 Nov-Dec;61(6):841-6. Portuguese.
HOUAISS A V.; SALLES M. Dicionário Houaiss da Língua. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Objetiva, 2009.
Pereira Da Silva T, Justo Da Silva L [Pain scales used in the newborn infant: a systematic review]. Acta Med Port. 2010 May-Jun;23(3):437-54. Epub 2010 Jun 14. Review. Portuguese.
Selye H Stress and distress. Compr Ther. 1975 Dec;1(8):9-13.
XAVIER F C. O Consolador. Pelo Espírito Emmanuel. 28. ed. Rio de Janeiro: FEB, 2008.
Effect of Spirit Pass on Serum Cortisol Levels, Pain, Physiological Parameters and Haematologic Response in Newborn and Patient
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
