Pain — The Effect of Magnesium Sulfate Infusion on the Quality of Recovery of Ambulatory Patients
Citation(s)
Apfelbaum JL, Chen C, Mehta SS, Gan TJ Postoperative pain experience: results from a national survey suggest postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged. Anesth Analg. 2003 Aug;97(2):534-40, table of contents.
Mayer ML, Westbrook GL, Guthrie PB Voltage-dependent block by Mg2+ of NMDA responses in spinal cord neurones. Nature. 1984 May 17-23;309(5965):261-3.
McKay A, Gottschalk A, Ploppa A, Durieux ME, Groves DS Systemic lidocaine decreased the perioperative opioid analgesic requirements but failed to reduce discharge time after ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg. 2009 Dec;109(6):1805-8. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181be371b.
Ryu JH, Kang MH, Park KS, Do SH Effects of magnesium sulphate on intraoperative anaesthetic requirements and postoperative analgesia in gynaecology patients receiving total intravenous anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2008 Mar;100(3):397-403. doi: 10.1093/bja/aem407.
White PF Multimodal analgesia: its role in preventing postoperative pain. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2008 Jan;9(1):76-82. Review.
The Effect of Magnesium Sulfate Infusion on the Quality of Recovery of Ambulatory Patients
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
