Pain — Nursing Home Pain Management Algorithm Clinical Trial
Citation(s)
Ersek M, Herr K, Neradilek MB, Buck HG, Black B Comparing the psychometric properties of the Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Behaviors (CNPI) and the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAIN-AD) instruments. Pain Med. 2010 Mar;11(3):395-404. doi: 10.1111/j
Ersek M, Polissar N, Neradilek MB Development of a composite pain measure for persons with advanced dementia: exploratory analyses in self-reporting nursing home residents. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2011 Mar;41(3):566-79. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.06.009. Epub 2010 Nov 20.
Jablonski A, Ersek M Nursing home staff adherence to evidence-based pain management practices. J Gerontol Nurs. 2009 Jul;35(7):28-34; quiz 36-7. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20090428-03.
Jablonski AM, DuPen AR, Ersek M The use of algorithms in assessing and managing persistent pain in older adults. Am J Nurs. 2011 Mar;111(3):34-43; quiz 44-5. doi: 10.1097/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000395239.60981.2f.
Nursing Home Pain Management Algorithm Clinical Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
