Pain, Postoperative — Pectoral-Intercostal Fascial Plane Block Study
Citation(s)
Barr AM, Tutungi E, Almeida AA Parasternal intercostal block with ropivacaine for pain management after cardiac surgery: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2007 Aug;21(4):547-53. Epub 2006 Dec 22.
Del Buono R, Costa F, Agrò FE Parasternal, Pecto-intercostal, Pecs, and Transverse Thoracic Muscle Plane Blocks: A Rose by Any Other Name Would Smell as Sweet. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 Nov/Dec;41(6):791-792.
Julious, SA Sample size of 12 per group rule of thumb for a pilot study. Pharmaceut Statist. 2005;4:287-291.
Lahtinen P, Kokki H, Hynynen M Pain after cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study of 1-year incidence and intensity. Anesthesiology. 2006 Oct;105(4):794-800.
Liu V, Mariano ER, Prabhakar C Pecto-intercostal Fascial Block for Acute Poststernotomy Pain: A Case Report. A A Pract. 2018 Jun 15;10(12):319-322. doi: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000697.
Mazzeffi M, Khelemsky Y Poststernotomy pain: a clinical review. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2011 Dec;25(6):1163-78. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2011.08.001. Epub 2011 Sep 29. Review.
Moore CG, Carter RE, Nietert PJ, Stewart PW Recommendations for planning pilot studies in clinical and translational research. Clin Transl Sci. 2011 Oct;4(5):332-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00347.x. Review.
Warner L, Ritter MJ 2017. Bilateral Pecto-Intercostal Fascial Plane Block for Acute Relief of Post-Sternotomy Pain. Scientific Abstracts and ePosters: ASRA 42nd Annual Regional Anesthesiology and Acute Pain Medicine Meeting April 6-8, 2017 San Francisco, CA. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017; 42 (6): 802-818.
Ultrasound-guided Pectoral-intercostal Fascial Plane Block for Patients With Severe Pain After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Feasibility Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
