Pain, Postoperative — Bupivacaine for Post-operative Pain in Mohs
Citation(s)
Chen P, Smith H, Vinciullo C Bupivacaine as an Adjunct to Lidocaine in Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Dermatol Surg. 2018 May;44(5):607-610. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000001385.
Dasta J, Ramamoorthy S, Patou G, Sinatra R Bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension compared with bupivacaine HCl for the reduction of opioid burden in the postsurgical setting. Curr Med Res Opin. 2012 Oct;28(10):1609-15. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2012.721760. Epub 2012 Sep 3.
Evans T, Nicholas TA, Sutton AV, Wysong A How We Do It: Postoperative Pain Control in Mohs Micrographic Surgery. Dermatol Surg. 2021 Feb 1;47(2):280-282. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000002279.
Firoz BF, Goldberg LH, Arnon O, Mamelak AJ An analysis of pain and analgesia after Mohs micrographic surgery. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010 Jul;63(1):79-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.10.049.
Limthongkul B, Samie F, Humphreys TR Assessment of postoperative pain after Mohs micrographic surgery. Dermatol Surg. 2013 Jun;39(6):857-63. doi: 10.1111/dsu.12166. Epub 2013 Mar 6.
Lovich-Sapola J, Smith CE, Brandt CP Postoperative pain control. Surg Clin North Am. 2015 Apr;95(2):301-18. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2014.10.002. Epub 2015 Jan 24. Review.
Merritt BG, Lee NY, Brodland DG, Zitelli JA, Cook J The safety of Mohs surgery: a prospective multicenter cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 Dec;67(6):1302-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.05.041. Epub 2012 Aug 11.
Park KK, Sharon VR A Review of Local Anesthetics: Minimizing Risk and Side Effects in Cutaneous Surgery. Dermatol Surg. 2017 Feb;43(2):173-187. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000000887.
Roy CF, Azzi AJ, Davison P A Review of Wound Infusion With Local Anesthetics in Plastic Surgery. Ann Plast Surg. 2019 Dec;83(6):e110-e117. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000001916.
Saco M, Golda N Optimal timing of postoperative pharmacologic pain control in Mohs micrographic surgery: A prospective cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Feb;82(2):495-497. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.07.077. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
Saco M, Golda N Postoperative Pain Management in Dermatologic Surgery: A Systematic Review. Dermatol Clin. 2019 Jul;37(3):341-348. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2019.03.004. Epub 2019 Apr 16.
Sniezek PJ, Brodland DG, Zitelli JA A randomized controlled trial comparing acetaminophen, acetaminophen and ibuprofen, and acetaminophen and codeine for postoperative pain relief after Mohs surgery and cutaneous reconstruction. Dermatol Surg. 2011 Jul;37(7):1007-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02022.x. Epub 2011 May 11.
Sorenson E, Chesnut C Liposomal Bupivacaine: A Review and Applications to Dermatologic Surgery. Dermatol Surg. 2019 Jan;45(1):68-73. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000001628. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
