Pain, Postoperative — Graded Motor Imagery in Elbow Limitation
Citation(s)
Birinci T, Razak Ozdincler A, Altun S, Kural C A structured exercise programme combined with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching or static stretching in posttraumatic stiffness of the elbow: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2
Dilek B, Ayhan C, Yagci G, Yakut Y Effectiveness of the graded motor imagery to improve hand function in patients with distal radius fracture: A randomized controlled trial. J Hand Ther. 2018 Jan - Mar;31(1):2-9.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2017.09.004. Epub 2
Priganc VW, Stralka SW Graded motor imagery. J Hand Ther. 2011 Apr-Jun;24(2):164-8; quiz 169. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2010.11.002. Epub 2011 Feb 9.
Sawyer EE, McDevitt AW, Louw A, Puentedura EJ, Mintken PE Use of Pain Neuroscience Education, Tactile Discrimination, and Graded Motor Imagery in an Individual With Frozen Shoulder. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2018 Mar;48(3):174-184. doi: 10.2519/jospt.20
The Effectiveness of Graded Motor Imagery Training in Elbow Limitation
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
