Pain, Postoperative — Effect of LIA on Postoperative Pain Following ACL Reconstruction
Citation(s)
Kerr DR, Kohan L Local infiltration analgesia: a technique for the control of acute postoperative pain following knee and hip surgery: a case study of 325 patients. Acta Orthop. 2008 Apr;79(2):174-83. doi: 10.1080/17453670710014950.
Kristensen PK, Pfeiffer-Jensen M, Storm JO, Thillemann TM Local infiltration analgesia is comparable to femoral nerve block after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon graft: a randomised controlled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014 Feb;22(2):317-23. doi: 10.1007/s00167-013-2399-x. Epub 2013 Jan 23.
Lefevre N, Klouche S, de Pamphilis O, Herman S, Gerometta A, Bohu Y Peri-articular local infiltration analgesia versus femoral nerve block for postoperative pain control following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Prospective, comparative, non-inferiority study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2016 Nov;102(7):873-877. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2016.07.011. Epub 2016 Oct 4.
Stark PA, Myles PS, Burke JA Development and psychometric evaluation of a postoperative quality of recovery score: the QoR-15. Anesthesiology. 2013 Jun;118(6):1332-40. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318289b84b.
Effect of Local Infiltration Analgesia on Postoperative Pain Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
