Pain, Postoperative — Effect of Warmed Irrigation in Hip Arthroscopy Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy
Citation(s)
Benson EE, McMillan DE, Ong B The effects of active warming on patient temperature and pain after total knee arthroplasty. Am J Nurs. 2012 May;112(5):26-33; quiz 34, 42. doi: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000414315.41460.bf.
Stafford GH, Malviya A, Villar RN Fluid extravasation during hip arthroscopy. Hip Int. 2011 Nov-Dec;21(6):740-3. doi: 10.5301/HIP.2011.8845.
Steelman VM, Chae S, Duff J, Anderson MJ, Zaidi A Warming of Irrigation Fluids for Prevention of Perioperative Hypothermia During Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arthroscopy. 2018 Mar;34(3):930-942.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2017.09.024. Epub 2017 Dec 6.
Truntzer JN, Shapiro LM, Hoppe DJ, Abrams GD, Safran MR Hip arthroscopy in the United States: an update following coding changes in 2011. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2017 Mar 23;4(3):250-257. doi: 10.1093/jhps/hnx004. eCollection 2017 Aug.
Effect of Warmed Irrigation Fluid on Immediate Post-operative Pain Scores in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
