NCT02793947 - Clinical Trial References

Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.

Citation(s)

Busch CA, Shore BJ, Bhandari R, Ganapathy S, MacDonald SJ, Bourne RB, Rorabeck CH, McCalden RW
Efficacy of periarticular multimodal drug injection in total knee arthroplasty. A randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 May;88(5):959-63.
Busch CA, Whitehouse MR, Shore BJ, MacDonald SJ, McCalden RW, Bourne RB
The efficacy of periarticular multimodal drug infiltration in total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010 Aug;468(8):2152-9. doi: 10.1007/s11999-009-1198-7. Epub 2009 Dec 18.
Kang H, Ha YC, Kim JY, Woo YC, Lee JS, Jang EC
Effectiveness of multimodal pain management after bipolar hemiarthroplasty for hip fracture: a randomized, controlled study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013 Feb 20;95(4):291-6. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.K.01708.
Vendittoli PA, Makinen P, Drolet P, Lavigne M, Fallaha M, Guertin MC, Varin F
A multimodal analgesia protocol for total knee arthroplasty. A randomized, controlled study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Feb;88(2):282-9.

Efficacy of Peri-Incisional Multimodal Drug Injection Following Operative Management of Femur Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Clinical trial NCT02793947 - References