NCT02448862 - Clinical Trial References

Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.

Citation(s)

Choi JB, Shim YH, Lee YW, Lee JS, Choi JR, Chang CH
Incidence and risk factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients with fentanyl-based intravenous patient-controlled analgesia and single antiemetic prophylaxis. Yonsei Med J. 2014 Sep;55(5):1430-5. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.5.1430.
Mortimer M, Ahlberg G; MUSIC-Norrtälje Study Group
To seek or not to seek? Care-seeking behaviour among people with low-back pain. Scand J Public Health. 2003;31(3):194-203.

Differences in Incidence of Common Side Effects Between Young Adults and Elderly Patients While Using Fentanyl-based IV-PCA

Clinical trial NCT02448862 - References