Pain, Acute — RCT of Pain Perception With Fast and Slow Tenaculum Application
Citation(s)
Allen RH, Micks E, Edelman A Pain relief for obstetric and gynecologic ambulatory procedures. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2013 Dec;40(4):625-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2013.08.005.
Bijur PE, Silver W, Gallagher EJ Reliability of the visual analog scale for measurement of acute pain. Acad Emerg Med. 2001 Dec;8(12):1153-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01132.x.
Doty N, MacIsaac L Effect of an atraumatic vulsellum versus a single-tooth tenaculum on pain perception during intrauterine device insertion: a randomized controlled trial. Contraception. 2015 Dec;92(6):567-71. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.05.009. Epub 2015 May 22.
Ireland LD, Allen RH Pain Management for Gynecologic Procedures in the Office. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2016 Feb;71(2):89-98. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000272.
Lambert T, Truong T, Gray B Pain perception with cervical tenaculum placement during intrauterine device insertion: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Sex Reprod Health. 2020 Apr;46(2):126-131. doi: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2019-200376. Epub 2019 Oct 30.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Pain Perception With Fast and Slow Tenaculum Application to the Uterine Cervix
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
