Ovarian Cancer — Etoposide in Treating Patients With Advanced Ovarian or Cervical Cancer
Citation(s)
Kudelka A, ed : A phase II study of prolonged oral VP-16 in women with refractoy epithelial ovarian carcinoma. [Abstract] Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 13: A-888, 276, 1994.
Rose PG, Blessing JA, Buller RE, Mannel RS, Webster KD Prolonged oral etoposide in recurrent or advanced non-squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol. 2003 May;89(2):267-70.
Rose PG, Blessing JA, Mayer AR, Homesley HD Prolonged oral etoposide as second-line therapy for platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Feb;16(2):405-10.
Phase II Study of Prolonged Oral VP-16 for Advanced Ovarian Epithelial and Cervical Cancer
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
