Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest — Prophylactic Antibiotics in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest
Citation(s)
Gajic O, Festic E, Afessa B Infectious complications in survivors of cardiac arrest admitted to the medical intensive care unit. Resuscitation. 2004 Jan;60(1):65-9.
Kocjancic ST, Jazbec A, Noc M Impact of intensified postresuscitation treatment on outcome of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest according to initial rhythm. Resuscitation. 2014 Oct;85(10):1364-9. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.06.028. Epub 2014 Jul 8.
Tømte O, Andersen GØ, Jacobsen D, Drægni T, Auestad B, Sunde K Strong and weak aspects of an established post-resuscitation treatment protocol-A five-year observational study. Resuscitation. 2011 Sep;82(9):1186-93. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.05.003. Epub 2011 May 14.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
