Otitis Media — Eustachian Tube Growth and Development
Citation(s)
Casselbrant ML, Mandel EM, Doyle WJ Information on co-morbidities collected by history is useful for assigning Otitis Media risk to children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Jun;85:136-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.03.040. Epub 2016 Apr 11.
Casselbrant ML, Mandel EM, Seroky JT, Swarts JD, Doyle WJ A pilot study of the ability of the forced response test to discriminate between 3-year-old children with chronic otitis media with effusion or with recurrent acute otitis media. Acta Otolaryngol.
Casselbrant ML, Mandel EM, Seroky JT, Swarts JD, Doyle WJ The forced-response test does not discriminate ears with different otitis media expressions. Laryngoscope. 2014 Nov;124(11):2619-23. doi: 10.1002/lary.24647. Epub 2014 Aug 11.
Casselbrant ML, Swarts JD, Mandel EM, Doyle WJ The Cephalic Index is not different among groups of children aged 36-48 months with chronic otitis media with effusion, recurrent acute otitis media and controls. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Mar;77(
Gremba AP, Weinberg SM, Swarts JD, Casselbrant ML Craniofacial shape in children with and without a positive otitis media history. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 May;84:110-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.02.029. Epub 2016 Mar 5.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
