Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea — Brain Changes in Pediatric OSA
Citation(s)
Achenbach TM, R L. Manual for the ASEBA school-based forms and profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children , Youth and Families, 2001.
Achenbach TM, Ruffle TM The Child Behavior Checklist and related forms for assessing behavioral/emotional problems and competencies. Pediatr Rev. 2000 Aug;21(8):265-71. doi: 10.1542/pir.21-8-265. No abstract available.
Achenbach, T M. The child behavior checklist and related instruments. In: The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment, 2nd ed, edited by. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 1999, p. 429-466.
Ahlhelm F, Schneider G, Backens M, Reith W, Hagen T Time course of the apparent diffusion coefficient after cerebral infarction. Eur Radiol. 2002 Sep;12(9):2322-9. doi: 10.1007/s00330-001-1291-0. Epub 2002 Mar 19.
Barlow SE; Expert Committee Expert committee recommendations regarding the prevention, assessment, and treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity: summary report. Pediatrics. 2007 Dec;120 Suppl 4:S164-92. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-2329C.
Barmpoutis A, Vemuri BC A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR ESTIMATING DIFFUSION TENSORS OF ANY ORDER WITH SYMMETRIC POSITIVE-DEFINITE CONSTRAINTS. Proc IEEE Int Symp Biomed Imaging. 2010 Apr 14:1385-1388. doi: 10.1109/ISBI.2010.5490256.
Barmpoutis, A & Jiachen, Z. Diffusion kurtosis imaging: robust estimation from DW-MRI using homogeneous polynomials. 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro, Chicago, IL: 262-265, 2011.
Basser PJ, Mattiello J, LeBihan D Estimation of the effective self-diffusion tensor from the NMR spin echo. J Magn Reson B. 1994 Mar;103(3):247-54. doi: 10.1006/jmrb.1994.1037.
Basser PJ, Mattiello J, LeBihan D MR diffusion tensor spectroscopy and imaging. Biophys J. 1994 Jan;66(1):259-67. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(94)80775-1.
Basser PJ, Pierpaoli C A simplified method to measure the diffusion tensor from seven MR images. Magn Reson Med. 1998 Jun;39(6):928-34. doi: 10.1002/mrm.1910390610.
Basser PJ, Pierpaoli C Microstructural and physiological features of tissues elucidated by quantitative-diffusion-tensor MRI. J Magn Reson B. 1996 Jun;111(3):209-19. doi: 10.1006/jmrb.1996.0086.
Bedard MA, Montplaisir J, Richer F, Rouleau I, Malo J Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: pathogenesis of neuropsychological deficits. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1991 Nov;13(6):950-64. doi: 10.1080/01688639108405110.
Beebe DW, Ris MD, Kramer ME, Long E, Amin R The association between sleep disordered breathing, academic grades, and cognitive and behavioral functioning among overweight subjects during middle to late childhood. Sleep. 2010 Nov;33(11):1447-56. doi: 10.1093/sleep/33.11.1447.
Bender HA, Marks BC, Brown ER, Zach L, Zaroff CM Neuropsychologic performance of children with epilepsy on the NEPSY. Pediatr Neurol. 2007 May;36(5):312-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.01.011.
Benveniste H, Drejer J, Schousboe A, Diemer NH Elevation of the extracellular concentrations of glutamate and aspartate in rat hippocampus during transient cerebral ischemia monitored by intracerebral microdialysis. J Neurochem. 1984 Nov;43(5):1369-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb05396.x.
Blunden SL, Beebe DW The contribution of intermittent hypoxia, sleep debt and sleep disruption to daytime performance deficits in children: consideration of respiratory and non-respiratory sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev. 2006 Apr;10(2):109-18. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2005.11.003. Epub 2006 Feb 20.
Chan KC, Khong PL, Lau HF, Cheung PT, Wu EX Late measures of microstructural alterations in severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by MR diffusion tensor imaging. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2009 Oct;27(6):607-15. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.05.012. Epub 2009 Jun 6.
Chen Y, Wang DJ, Detre JA Test-retest reliability of arterial spin labeling with common labeling strategies. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2011 Apr;33(4):940-9. doi: 10.1002/jmri.22345.
Cheung MM, Hui ES, Chan KC, Helpern JA, Qi L, Wu EX Does diffusion kurtosis imaging lead to better neural tissue characterization? A rodent brain maturation study. Neuroimage. 2009 Apr 1;45(2):386-92. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.018. Epub 2008 Dec 25.
Chopra S, Polotsky VY, Jun JC Sleep Apnea Research in Animals. Past, Present, and Future. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016 Mar;54(3):299-305. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0218TR.
Chumbley JR, Friston KJ False discovery rate revisited: FDR and topological inference using Gaussian random fields. Neuroimage. 2009 Jan 1;44(1):62-70. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.05.021. Epub 2008 May 23.
Crabtree VM, Varni JW, Gozal D Health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms in children with suspected sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep. 2004 Sep 15;27(6):1131-8. doi: 10.1093/sleep/27.6.1131.
de Bazelaire C, Alsop DC, George D, Pedrosa I, Wang Y, Michaelson MD, Rofsky NM Magnetic resonance imaging-measured blood flow change after antiangiogenic therapy with PTK787/ZK 222584 correlates with clinical outcome in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Sep 1;14(17):5548-54. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0417.
Dehlink E, Tan HL Update on paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea. J Thorac Dis. 2016 Feb;8(2):224-35. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.12.04.
Dirnagl U, Iadecola C, Moskowitz MA Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view. Trends Neurosci. 1999 Sep;22(9):391-7. doi: 10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01401-0.
Dormehl IC, Jordaan B, Oliver DW, Croft S SPECT monitoring of improved cerebral blood flow during long-term treatment of elderly patients with nootropic drugs. Clin Nucl Med. 1999 Jan;24(1):29-34. doi: 10.1097/00003072-199901000-00007.
Ehlert, L , Roy, B., Sahib, A., Song, X., Singh, S., Townsley, M., Kang, D.W., Aysola, R., Wen, E., Woo, M.A., Harper, R.M. & Kumar, R. Diffusion tensor imaging shows brain tissue changes before and after positive airway pressure treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, USA, 2017.
Ehlert, L , Roy, B., Sahib, A.K., Song, X., Singh, S., Townsley, M., Kang, D.W., Aysola, R., Wen, E., Woo, M.A., Harper, R.M. & Kumar, R. Diffusion tensor imaging shows brain tissue changes before and after positive airway pressure treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., 2017.
Elliott, C D. Differential Ability Scales : introductory and technical handbook. San Antonio: Psychological Corp: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1990.
Ellis, E M., Zarndt, R., Ho, B., Hopkins, S. & Powell, F.L. Effects of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs on the human hypoxic ventilatory response and acclimatization. The FASEB Journal 26: 1150.1152- 1150.1152, 2012.
Engleman H, Joffe D Neuropsychological function in obstructive sleep apnoea. Sleep Med Rev. 1999 Mar;3(1):59-78. doi: 10.1016/s1087-0792(99)90014-x.
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91. doi: 10.3758/bf03193146.
Fieremans E, Jensen JH, Helpern JA White matter characterization with diffusional kurtosis imaging. Neuroimage. 2011 Sep 1;58(1):177-88. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.006. Epub 2011 Jun 13.
Floyd TF, Ratcliffe SJ, Wang J, Resch B, Detre JA Precision of the CASL-perfusion MRI technique for the measurement of cerebral blood flow in whole brain and vascular territories. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003 Dec;18(6):649-55. doi: 10.1002/jmri.10416.
Goldstein NA, Post JC, Rosenfeld RM, Campbell TF Impact of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy on child behavior. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000 Apr;126(4):494-8. doi: 10.1001/archotol.126.4.494.
Goodwin JL, Vasquez MM, Silva GE, Quan SF Incidence and remission of sleep-disordered breathing and related symptoms in 6- to 17-year old children--the Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea Study. J Pediatr. 2010 Jul;157(1):57-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.01.033. Epub 2010 Mar 20.
Goswami AR, Dutta G, Ghosh T Naproxen, a Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug, Can Affect Daily Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Alterations of Monoamine Levels in Different Areas of the Brain in Male Rats. High Alt Med Biol. 2016 Jun;17(2):133-40. doi: 10.1089/ham.2015.0052. Epub 2016 Feb 19.
Gozal D, Daniel JM, Dohanich GP Behavioral and anatomical correlates of chronic episodic hypoxia during sleep in the rat. J Neurosci. 2001 Apr 1;21(7):2442-50. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-07-02442.2001.
Gozal D, Wang M, Pope DW Jr Objective sleepiness measures in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. Pediatrics. 2001 Sep;108(3):693-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.108.3.693.
Gozal D Sleep-disordered breathing and school performance in children. Pediatrics. 1998 Sep;102(3 Pt 1):616-20. doi: 10.1542/peds.102.3.616.
Gozal E, Row BW, Schurr A, Gozal D Developmental differences in cortical and hippocampal vulnerability to intermittent hypoxia in the rat. Neurosci Lett. 2001 Jun 15;305(3):197-201. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01853-5.
Hossmann KA, Fischer M, Bockhorst K, Hoehn-Berlage M NMR imaging of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for the evaluation of metabolic suppression and recovery after prolonged cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1994 Sep;14(5):723-31. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.1994.93.
Hossmann KA Cortical steady potential, impedance and excitability changes during and after total ischemia of cat brain. Exp Neurol. 1971 Aug;32(2):163-75. doi: 10.1016/0014-4886(71)90060-4. No abstract available.
Huang YS, Guilleminault C, Lee LA, Lin CH, Hwang FM Treatment outcomes of adenotonsillectomy for children with obstructive sleep apnea: a prospective longitudinal study. Sleep. 2014 Jan 1;37(1):71-6. doi: 10.5665/sleep.3310.
Hui ES, Cheung MM, Qi L, Wu EX Towards better MR characterization of neural tissues using directional diffusion kurtosis analysis. Neuroimage. 2008 Aug 1;42(1):122-34. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.237. Epub 2008 Apr 30.
Ishiguro H, Kawahara T Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and prostatic diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:436123. doi: 10.1155/2014/436123. Epub 2014 May 12.
Jensen JH, Helpern JA, Ramani A, Lu H, Kaczynski K Diffusional kurtosis imaging: the quantification of non-gaussian water diffusion by means of magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2005 Jun;53(6):1432-40. doi: 10.1002/mrm.20508.
Joo EY, Tae WS, Han SJ, Cho JW, Hong SB Reduced cerebral blood flow during wakefulness in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Sleep. 2007 Nov;30(11):1515-20. doi: 10.1093/sleep/30.11.1515.
Kassmann CM, Nave KA Oligodendroglial impact on axonal function and survival - a hypothesis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2008 Jun;21(3):235-41. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e328300c71f.
Keith, T Z., Low, J.A., Reynolds, M.R., Patel, P.G. & Ridley, K.P. Higher-order factor structure of the differential ability scales-II: consistency across ages 4 to 17. Psychology in the Schools 47: 676-697, 2010.
Kheirandish L, Gozal D Neurocognitive dysfunction in children with sleep disorders. Dev Sci. 2006 Jul;9(4):388-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00504.x.
Kheirandish-Gozal L, De Jong MR, Spruyt K, Chamuleau SA, Gozal D Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with impaired pictorial memory task acquisition and retention in children. Eur Respir J. 2010 Jul;36(1):164-9. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00114209. Epub 2010 Jan 14.
Kim H, Joo E, Suh S, Kim JH, Kim ST, Hong SB Effects of long-term treatment on brain volume in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Hum Brain Mapp. 2016 Jan;37(1):395-409. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23038. Epub 2015 Oct 27.
Kumar R, Chavez AS, Macey PM, Woo MA, Yan-Go FL, Harper RM Altered global and regional brain mean diffusivity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Neurosci Res. 2012 Oct;90(10):2043-52. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23083. Epub 2012 Jun 20.
Kumar R, Delshad S, Macey PM, Woo MA, Harper RM Development of T2-relaxation values in regional brain sites during adolescence. Magn Reson Imaging. 2011 Feb;29(2):185-93. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2010.08.006. Epub 2010 Oct 8.
Lazar M, Jensen JH, Xuan L, Helpern JA Estimation of the orientation distribution function from diffusional kurtosis imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2008 Oct;60(4):774-81. doi: 10.1002/mrm.21725.
Lu H, Jensen JH, Ramani A, Helpern JA Three-dimensional characterization of non-gaussian water diffusion in humans using diffusion kurtosis imaging. NMR Biomed. 2006 Apr;19(2):236-47. doi: 10.1002/nbm.1020.
Lumeng JC, Chervin RD Epidemiology of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008 Feb 15;5(2):242-52. doi: 10.1513/pats.200708-135MG.
Macey PM, Alger JR, Kumar R, Macey KE, Woo MA, Harper RM Global BOLD MRI changes to ventilatory challenges in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2003 Dec 16;139(1):41-50. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2003.09.006.
Maresky HS, Shpirer I, Klar MM, Levitt M, Sasson E, Tal S Continuous positive airway pressure alters brain microstructure and perfusion patterns in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med. 2019 May;57:61-69. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.12.027. Epub 2019 Jan 31.
Matsumoto K, Lo EH, Pierce AR, Wei H, Garrido L, Kowall NW Role of vasogenic edema and tissue cavitation in ischemic evolution on diffusion-weighted imaging: comparison with multiparameter MR and immunohistochemistry. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1995 May;16(5):1107-15.
Mintorovitch J, Yang GY, Shimizu H, Kucharczyk J, Chan PH, Weinstein PR Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of acute focal cerebral ischemia: comparison of signal intensity with changes in brain water and Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1994 Mar;14(2):332-6. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.1994.40.
Mori S, Zhang J Principles of diffusion tensor imaging and its applications to basic neuroscience research. Neuron. 2006 Sep 7;51(5):527-39. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.08.012.
Oehmichen M, Ochs U, Meissner C Regional potassium distribution in the brain in forensic relevant types of intoxication preliminary morphometric evaluation using a histochemical method. Neurotoxicology. 2001 Feb;22(1):99-107. doi: 10.1016/s0161-813x(00)00005-x.
Ogren JA, Macey PM, Kumar R, Woo MA, Harper RM Central autonomic regulation in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. Neuroscience. 2010 Jun 2;167(4):1249-56. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.02.078. Epub 2010 Mar 6.
Owens J, Spirito A, Marcotte A, McGuinn M, Berkelhammer L Neuropsychological and Behavioral Correlates of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Children: A Preliminary Study. Sleep Breath. 2000;4(2):67-78. doi: 10.1007/BF03045026.
Pae EK, Chien P, Harper RM Intermittent hypoxia damages cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei. Neurosci Lett. 2005 Feb 28;375(2):123-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.10.091. Epub 2004 Dec 2.
Paruthi, S Evaluation of suspected obstructive sleep apnea in children. Edited by A.G. Hoppin, 2019.
Redline S, Tishler PV, Schluchter M, Aylor J, Clark K, Graham G Risk factors for sleep-disordered breathing in children. Associations with obesity, race, and respiratory problems. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 May;159(5 Pt 1):1527-32. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.159.5.9809079.
Rubinstein, B J. & Baldassari, C.M. An Update on the management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. Curr Treat Options Pediatr 1: 211-223, 2015.
Sahib, A , Roy, B., Song, X., Singh, S., Aysola, R., Kang, D.W., Woo, M.A. & Kumar, R. Brain axonal and myelin changes after positive airway pressure treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Joint Annual Meeting International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Paris, France, 2018.
Soultan Z, Wadowski S, Rao M, Kravath RE Effect of treating obstructive sleep apnea by tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy on obesity in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999 Jan;153(1):33-7. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.153.1.33.
Trosman I, Trosman SJ Cognitive and Behavioral Consequences of Sleep Disordered Breathing in Children. Med Sci (Basel). 2017 Dec 1;5(4):30. doi: 10.3390/medsci5040030.
Vestergaard-Poulsen P, Hansen B, Ostergaard L, Jakobsen R Microstructural changes in ischemic cortical gray matter predicted by a model of diffusion-weighted MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007 Sep;26(3):529-40. doi: 10.1002/jmri.21030.
Wang DJ, Chen Y, Fernandez-Seara MA, Detre JA Potentials and challenges for arterial spin labeling in pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 May;337(2):359-66. doi: 10.1124/jpet.110.172577. Epub 2011 Feb 11.
Wang J, Zhang Y, Wolf RL, Roc AC, Alsop DC, Detre JA Amplitude-modulated continuous arterial spin-labeling 3.0-T perfusion MR imaging with a single coil: feasibility study. Radiology. 2005 Apr;235(1):218-28. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2351031663. Epub 2005 Feb 16.
Xu W, Chi L, Row BW, Xu R, Ke Y, Xu B, Luo C, Kheirandish L, Gozal D, Liu R Increased oxidative stress is associated with chronic intermittent hypoxia-mediated brain cortical neuronal cell apoptosis in a mouse model of sleep apnea. Neuroscience. 2004;126(2):313-23. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.03.055.
Zhang JH, Fung SJ, Xi M, Sampogna S, Chase MH Apnea produces neuronal degeneration in the pons and medulla of guinea pigs. Neurobiol Dis. 2010 Oct;40(1):251-64. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.05.032. Epub 2010 Jun 8.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.