High Fidelity Simulation Training — The Effects of Video Game Warm-up on EyeSi Surgical Simulator Performance
Citation(s)
Adams BJ, Margaron F, Kaplan BJ Comparing video games and laparoscopic simulators in the development of laparoscopic skills in surgical residents. J Surg Educ. 2012 Nov-Dec;69(6):714-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2012.06.006.
Bergqvist J, Person A, Vestergaard A, Grauslund J Establishment of a validated training programme on the Eyesi cataract simulator. A prospective randomized study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2014 Nov;92(7):629-34. doi: 10.1111/aos.12383. Epub 2014 Mar 11.
Daly MK, Gonzalez E, Siracuse-Lee D, Legutko PA Efficacy of surgical simulator training versus traditional wet-lab training on operating room performance of ophthalmology residents during the capsulorhexis in cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013 Nov;39(11):1734-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.05.044.
McCannel CA, Reed DC, Goldman DR Ophthalmic surgery simulator training improves resident performance of capsulorhexis in the operating room. Ophthalmology. 2013 Dec;120(12):2456-2461. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.05.003. Epub 2013 Jun 21.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
