Mechanical Ventilation Complication — PReventing the EffectS of Intubation on DEglutition
Citation(s)
Adhikari NK, Fowler RA, Bhagwanjee S, Rubenfeld GD Critical care and the global burden of critical illness in adults. Lancet. 2010 Oct 16;376(9749):1339-46. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60446-1. Epub 2010 Oct 11.
Ajemian MS, Nirmul GB, Anderson MT, Zirlen DM, Kwasnik EM Routine fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing following prolonged intubation: implications for management. Arch Surg. 2001 Apr;136(4):434-7. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.136.4.434.
Barquist E, Brown M, Cohn S, Lundy D, Jackowski J Postextubation fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing after prolonged endotracheal intubation: a randomized, prospective trial. Crit Care Med. 2001 Sep;29(9):1710-3. doi: 10.1097/00003246-200109000-00009.
Colice GL, Stukel TA, Dain B Laryngeal complications of prolonged intubation. Chest. 1989 Oct;96(4):877-84. doi: 10.1378/chest.96.4.877.
Connor NP, Russell JA, Wang H, Jackson MA, Mann L, Kluender K Effect of tongue exercise on protrusive force and muscle fiber area in aging rats. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2009 Jun;52(3):732-44. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2008/08-0105). Epub 2008 Aug 22.
De Jonghe B, Cook D, Sharshar T, Lefaucheur JP, Carlet J, Outin H Acquired neuromuscular disorders in critically ill patients: a systematic review. Groupe de Reflexion et d'Etude sur les Neuromyopathies En Reanimation. Intensive Care Med. 1998 Dec;24(12):1242-50. doi: 10.1007/s001340050757.
de Larminat V, Montravers P, Dureuil B, Desmonts JM Alteration in swallowing reflex after extubation in intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med. 1995 Mar;23(3):486-90. doi: 10.1097/00003246-199503000-00012.
El Solh A, Okada M, Bhat A, Pietrantoni C Swallowing disorders post orotracheal intubation in the elderly. Intensive Care Med. 2003 Sep;29(9):1451-5. doi: 10.1007/s00134-003-1870-4. Epub 2003 Aug 2.
Hedden M, Ersoz CJ, Donnelly WH, Safar P Laryngotracheal damage after prolonged use of orotracheal tubes in adults. JAMA. 1969 Jan 27;207(4):703-8. No abstract available.
Needham DM Mobilizing patients in the intensive care unit: improving neuromuscular weakness and physical function. JAMA. 2008 Oct 8;300(14):1685-90. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.14.1685.
Whited RE A prospective study of laryngotracheal sequelae in long-term intubation. Laryngoscope. 1984 Mar;94(3):367-77. doi: 10.1288/00005537-198403000-00014.
Yeates EM, Molfenter SM, Steele CM Improvements in tongue strength and pressure-generation precision following a tongue-pressure training protocol in older individuals with dysphagia: three case reports. Clin Interv Aging. 2008;3(4):735-47. doi: 10.2147/cia.s3825.
Understanding and Improving Dysphagia After Mechanical Ventilation
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.