Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis — Study of Metformin Overdose
Citation(s)
Goonoo MS, Morris R, Raithatha A, Creagh F Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: reinforcing learning points. BMJ Case Rep. 2020 Sep 2;13(9). pii: e235608. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235608.
Taub ES, Hoffman RS, Manini AF Incidence and risk factors for hyperlactatemia in ED patients with acute metformin overdose. Am J Emerg Med. 2019 Dec;37(12):2205-2208. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.03.033. Epub 2019 Mar 23.
Walz L, Jönsson AK, Ahlner J, Östgren CJ, Druid H Metformin - Postmortem fatal and non-fatal reference concentrations in femoral blood and risk factors associated with fatal intoxications. Forensic Sci Int. 2019 Oct;303:109935. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109935. Epub 2019 Aug 28.
Study of Metformin Overdose in Adult Patients Treated at the University Hospital of Nancy: Single-center Descriptive Retrospective Observational Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
