Chang YS, Kim JH, Yoo SJ, Lew YJ, Kim J Fellow-eye neovascularization in unilateral retinal angiomatous proliferation in a Korean population. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016 Feb;94(1):e49-53. doi: 10.1111/aos.12748. Epub 2015 May 17.
Engelbert M, Zweifel SA, Freund KB "Treat and extend" dosing of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy for type 3 neovascularization/retinal angiomatous proliferation. Retina. 2009 Nov-Dec;29(10):1424-31. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181b
Kim JH, Chang YS, Kim JW, Kim CG, Lee DW, Kim HS LONG-TERM VISUAL CHANGES IN INITIALLY STRONGER FELLOW EYES IN PATIENTS WITH UNILATERAL TYPE 3 NEOVASCULARIZATION. Retina. 2019 Sep;39(9):1672-1681. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002239.
Kim JH, Chang YS, Kim JW, Kim CG, Lee DW Abrupt visual loss during anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for type 3 neovascularization. Int J Ophthalmol. 2019 Mar 18;12(3):480-487. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2019.03.20. eCollection 2019.
Kim JH, Chang YS, Kim JW, Kim CG, Lee DW Early Recurrent Hemorrhage in Submacular Hemorrhage Secondary to Type 3 Neovascularization or Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation: Incidence and Influence on Visual Prognosis. Semin Ophthalmol. 2018;33(6):820-828. d
Kim JH, Chang YS, Kim JW, Kim CG, Lee DW Prechoroidal Cleft in Type 3 Neovascularization: Incidence, Timing, and Its Association with Visual Outcome. J Ophthalmol. 2018 Nov 19;2018:2578349. doi: 10.1155/2018/2578349. eCollection 2018.
Kim JH, Kim JW, Kim CG, Lee DW Focal retinal pigment epithelium atrophy at the location of type 3 neovascularization lesion: a morphologic feature associated with low reactivation rate and favorable prognosis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019 Aug;2
Lee JH, Lee MY, Lee WK Incidence and risk factors of massive subretinal hemorrhage in retinal angiomatous proliferation. PLoS One. 2017 Oct 12;12(10):e0186272. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186272. eCollection 2017.
Matsumoto H, Morimoto M, Mimura K, Ito A, Akiyama H Treat-and-Extend Regimen with Aflibercept for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Efficacy and Macular Atrophy Development. Ophthalmol Retina. 2018 May;2(5):462-468. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2017.0
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
