SARS-COv2 Related Interstitial Pneumonia — TOFAcitinib in SARS-CoV2 Pneumonia
Citation(s)
Ashour HM, Elkhatib WF, Rahman MM, Elshabrawy HA Insights into the Recent 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Light of Past Human Coronavirus Outbreaks. Pathogens. 2020 Mar 4;9(3). pii: E186. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9030186. Review.
Rose-John S, Scheller J, Schaper F "Family reunion"--A structured view on the composition of the receptor complexes of interleukin-6-type and interleukin-12-type cytokines. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2015 Oct;26(5):471-4. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.07.011. Epub 2015 Jul 6.
Tian S, Hu W, Niu L, Liu H, Xu H, Xiao SY Pulmonary Pathology of Early-Phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia in Two Patients With Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2020 Feb 28. pii: S1556-0864(20)30132-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.02.010. [Epub ahead of print]
Zumla A, Hui DS, Azhar EI, Memish ZA, Maeurer M Reducing mortality from 2019-nCoV: host-directed therapies should be an option. Lancet. 2020 Feb 22;395(10224):e35-e36. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30305-6. Epub 2020 Feb 5.
TOFAcitinib in Patients With Early Onset SARS-CoV2 Interstitial Pneumonia
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.