Behavioral and Psychiatric Symptoms of Dementia — The Use of Antipsychotics in the Program of All-inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE)
Citation(s)
Bain KT, Schwartz EJ, Chan-Ting R Reducing Off-Label Antipsychotic Use in Older Community-Dwelling Adults With Dementia: A Narrative Review. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2017 Jul 1;117(7):441-450. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2017.090. Review.
Gareri P, De Fazio P, Manfredi VG, De Sarro G Use and safety of antipsychotics in behavioral disorders in elderly people with dementia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2014 Feb;34(1):109-23. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e3182a6096e. Review.
Liperoti R, Pedone C, Corsonello A Antipsychotics for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Curr Neuropharmacol. 2008 Jun;6(2):117-24. doi: 10.2174/157015908784533860.
Mehta S, Johnson ML, Chen H, Aparasu RR Risk of cerebrovascular adverse events in older adults using antipsychotic agents: a propensity-matched retrospective cohort study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010 Jun;71(6):689-98. doi: 10.4088/JCP.09m05817yel.
Schneider LS, Dagerman KS, Insel P Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. JAMA. 2005 Oct 19;294(15):1934-43.
Antipsychotic Use Within the Program of All-inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE)
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
