Bachert C, Zhang N Chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma: novel understanding of the role of IgE 'above atopy'. J Intern Med. 2012 Aug;272(2):133-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02559.x. Review.
Berges-Gimeno MP, Simon RA, Stevenson DD Long-term treatment with aspirin desensitization in asthmatic patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Jan;111(1):180-6.
Doty RL, Shaman P, Dann M Development of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function. Physiol Behav. 1984 Mar;32(3):489-502.
Gillett S, Hopkins C, Slack R, Browne JP A pilot study of the SNOT 22 score in adults with no sinonasal disease. Clin Otolaryngol. 2009 Oct;34(5):467-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2009.01975.x.
Laidlaw TM, Boyce JA Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease--New Prime Suspects. N Engl J Med. 2016 Feb 4;374(5):484-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcibr1514013.
Lange B, Thilsing T, Baelum J, Kjeldsen AD The Sinonasal Outcome Test 22 score in persons without chronic rhinosinusitis. Clin Otolaryngol. 2016 Apr;41(2):127-30. doi: 10.1111/coa.12481. Epub 2016 Feb 4.
Lund VJ, Kennedy DW Staging for rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997 Sep;117(3 Pt 2):S35-40. Review.
Rajan JP, Wineinger NE, Stevenson DD, White AA Prevalence of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease among asthmatic patients: A meta-analysis of the literature. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015 Mar;135(3):676-81.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.020. Epub 2014 Oct 3.
Sommer DD, Hoffbauer S, Au M, Sowerby LJ, Gupta MK, Nayan S Treatment of aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease with a low salicylate diet: a pilot crossover study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Jan;152(1):42-7. doi: 10.1177/0194599814555836. Epub 2014 Oct 24. Erratum in: Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Feb;152(2):378.
Ta V, White AA Survey-Defined Patient Experiences With Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2015 Sep-Oct;3(5):711-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.03.001. Epub 2015 Apr 7.
Waldram JD, White AA A survey of aspirin desensitization practices among allergists and fellows in training in the United States. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016 Nov - Dec;4(6):1253-1255. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.06.016. Epub 2016 Jul 21.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.