Boissé L, Gill MJ, Power C HIV infection of the central nervous system: clinical features and neuropathogenesis. Neurol Clin. 2008 Aug;26(3):799-819, x. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2008.04.002. Review.
Fujiwara E, Tomlinson SE, Purdon SE, Gill MJ, Power C Decision making under explicit risk is impaired in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2015;37(7):733-50. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2015.1057481. Epub 2015 Jul 24.
Fujiwara, E , Gill, J.M. & Power, C. Risk Factors for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) in a Canadian Cohort (P1.321). Neurology 86 P1.321 (2016).
Koenig N, Fujiwara E, Gill MJ, Power C Montreal Cognitive Assessment Performance in HIV/AIDS: Impact of Systemic Factors. Can J Neurol Sci. 2016 Jan;43(1):157-62. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2015.306. Epub 2015 Dec 4.
Lénárt N, Brough D, Dénes Á Inflammasomes link vascular disease with neuroinflammation and brain disorders. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2016 Oct;36(10):1668-1685. Epub 2016 Aug 2. Review.
McCombe JA, Vivithanaporn P, Gill MJ, Power C Predictors of symptomatic HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in universal health care. HIV Med. 2013 Feb;14(2):99-107. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2012.01043.x. Epub 2012 Sep 20.
Pandya R, Krentz HB, Gill MJ, Power C HIV-related neurological syndromes reduce health-related quality of life. Can J Neurol Sci. 2005 May;32(2):201-4.
Power C, Gill MJ, Johnson RT Progress in clinical neurosciences: The neuropathogenesis of HIV infection: host-virus interaction and the impact of therapy. Can J Neurol Sci. 2002 Feb;29(1):19-32. Review.
Sacktor, N , et al. Paroxetine and Fluconazole Therapy for HAND: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections. 2016 Boston MA USA Sesssion O-12 Abstract 146(2016).
Shemesh E, Rudich A, Harman-Boehm I, Cukierman-Yaffe T Effect of intranasal insulin on cognitive function: a systematic review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Feb;97(2):366-76. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-1802. Epub 2011 Dec 7. Review.
Skinner S, Adewale AJ, DeBlock L, Gill MJ, Power C Neurocognitive screening tools in HIV/AIDS: comparative performance among patients exposed to antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med. 2009 Apr;10(4):246-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00679.x. Epub 2009 Jan 23.
Walsh JG, Muruve DA, Power C Inflammasomes in the CNS. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2014 Feb;15(2):84-97. doi: 10.1038/nrn3638. Epub 2014 Jan 8. Review.
Yeung H, Krentz HB, Gill MJ, Power C Neuropsychiatric disorders in HIV infection: impact of diagnosis on economic costs of care. AIDS. 2006 Oct 24;20(16):2005-9.
HAND IN Insulin-001: Intranasal Treatment of HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorders
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.