Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease — Early Intervention and Prevention of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adolescents
Citation(s)
American Gastroenterological Association American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2002 Nov;123(5):1702-4.
Clark JM The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006 Mar;40 Suppl 1:S5-10. Review.
Curtis VA, Carrel AL, Eickhoff JC, Allen DB Gender and race influence metabolic benefits of fitness in children: a cross-sectional study. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2012 Mar 15;2012(1):4. doi: 10.1186/1687-9856-2012-4.
Ludwig J, Viggiano TR, McGill DB, Oh BJ Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 1980 Jul;55(7):434-8.
McCullough AJ The clinical features, diagnosis and natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Liver Dis. 2004 Aug;8(3):521-33, viii. Review.
Miller WR What really drives change? Addiction. 1993 Nov;88(11):1479-80.
Nomura K, Yamanouchi T The role of fructose-enriched diets in mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Nutr Biochem. 2012 Mar;23(3):203-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.09.006. Epub 2011 Nov 29. Review.
Park YK, Yetley EA Intakes and food sources of fructose in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993 Nov;58(5 Suppl):737S-747S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/58.5.737S. Review.
Schwimmer JB Definitive diagnosis and assessment of risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents. Semin Liver Dis. 2007 Aug;27(3):312-8. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
