NCT01866436 - Clinical Trial References

Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.

Citation(s)

Beard JD
Assessment of surgical competence. Br J Surg. 2007 Nov;94(11):1315-6. Erratum in: Br J Surg. 2008 Mar;95(3):402.
Fitzgerald JE, Caesar BC
The European Working Time Directive: a practical review for surgical trainees. Int J Surg. 2012;10(8):399-403. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2012.08.007. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
Kneebone RL
Skills training using multimedia and models. Hosp Med. 2001 Jul;62(7):428-30.
Moonesinghe SR, Lowery J, Shahi N, Millen A, Beard JD
Impact of reduction in working hours for doctors in training on postgraduate medical education and patients' outcomes: systematic review. BMJ. 2011 Mar 22;342:d1580. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d1580. Review.
Reznick RK
Surgical simulation: a vital part of our future. Ann Surg. 2005 Nov;242(5):640-1.

The Role of Multimedia in Cognitive Surgical Skill Acquisition in Open and Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery

Clinical trial NCT01866436 - References