NCT01865630 - Clinical Trial References

Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.

Citation(s)

Beeftink MM, Ruigrok YM, Rinkel GJ, van den Bergh WM
Relation of serum TNF-a and TNF-a genotype with delayed cerebral ischemia and outcome in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2011 Dec;15(3):405-9. doi: 10.1007/s12028-011-9556-1.
Gruber A, Rössler K, Graninger W, Donner A, Illievich MU, Czech T
Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid and serum concentrations of sTNFR-I, IL-1ra, and IL-6 after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2000 Oct;12(4):297-306.
Kerensky TA, Gottlieb AB, Yaniv S, Au SC
Etanercept: efficacy and safety for approved indications. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2012 Jan;11(1):121-39. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2012.633509. Epub 2011 Nov 11. Review.
Vecchione C, Frati A, Di Pardo A, Cifelli G, Carnevale D, Gentile MT, Carangi R, Landolfi A, Carullo P, Bettarini U, Antenucci G, Mascio G, Busceti CL, Notte A, Maffei A, Cantore GP, Lembo G
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediates hemolysis-induced vasoconstriction and the cerebral vasospasm evoked by subarachnoid hemorrhage. Hypertension. 2009 Jul;54(1):150-6. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.128124. Epub 2009 May 26.
Zhou QH, Sumbria R, Hui EK, Lu JZ, Boado RJ, Pardridge WM
Neuroprotection with a brain-penetrating biologic tumor necrosis factor inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 Nov;339(2):618-23. doi: 10.1124/jpet.111.185876. Epub 2011 Aug 10.

Phase I Safety, Blood Brain Barrier Permeability and Potential Efficacy of Etanercept for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Clinical trial NCT01865630 - References