Traumatic Amputation of Lower Extremity — Characterizing Ankle Function During Sloped Locomotion for Prosthesis Development
Citation(s)
Jeffers JR, Auyang AG, Grabowski AM The correlation between metabolic and individual leg mechanical power during walking at different slopes and velocities. J Biomech. 2015 Aug 20;48(11):2919-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.04.023. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
Jeffers JR, Grabowski AM Individual Leg and Joint Work during Sloped Walking for People with a Transtibial Amputation Using Passive and Powered Prostheses. Front. Robot. AI, 22 December 2017. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2017.00072
Montgomery JR, Grabowski AM The contributions of ankle, knee and hip joint work to individual leg work change during uphill and downhill walking over a range of speeds. R Soc Open Sci. 2018 Aug 29;5(8):180550. doi: 10.1098/rsos.180550. eCollection 2018 A
Montgomery JR, Grabowski AM Use of a powered ankle-foot prosthesis reduces the metabolic cost of uphill walking and improves leg work symmetry in people with transtibial amputations. J R Soc Interface. 2018 Aug;15(145). pii: 20180442. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2
Pickle NT, Grabowski AM, Auyang AG, Silverman AK The functional roles of muscles during sloped walking. J Biomech. 2016 Oct 3;49(14):3244-3251. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.08.004. Epub 2016 Aug 6.
Pickle NT, Grabowski AM, Jeffers JR, Silverman AK The Functional Roles of Muscles, Passive Prostheses, and Powered Prostheses During Sloped Walking in People With a Transtibial Amputation. J Biomech Eng. 2017 Nov 1;139(11). doi: 10.1115/1.4037938.
Characterizing Ankle Function During Sloped Locomotion for Prosthesis Development
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
